What is meant by the term ratification in procurement?

Ratification in procurement refers specifically to the approval of an unauthorized commitment. In the context of government procurement, this situation can arise when a buyer makes a purchase without the necessary authority to commit funds or enter into contracts on behalf of the government.

When such an unauthorized commitment occurs, it does not automatically create a binding contract; however, ratification is a procedural step that allows the government to approve that commitment after the fact, thereby formalizing it and recognizing the validity of the transaction. This process is crucial to ensuring accountability in how government funds are spent, as it helps to maintain compliance with established procurement regulations.

Other options do not accurately represent the concept of ratification. An initial agreement made without authority does not reflect the correction of that action, and denial of a contract claim pertains to disputes over contracts rather than the approval process. A standard procurement practice implies a routine method of operation, which does not convey the corrective nature that ratification signifies.